A Potential Screening System for Identifying Sorghum Ecotypes with Increased Lysine in the Seeds

Classical “high-lysine” sorghum lines are characterized by smaller seeds than average, due to a decrease in prolamin synthesis and a subsequent decrease in yield. To exploit the natural variation in lysine content and to identify ecotypes with a seed lysine content higher than average, characterized by plump seeds, a method was developed based on root-growth inhibition of seeds growing on a medium containing aminoethylcysteine (AEC), a lysine analogue. By using a collection of sorghum mutants and ecotypes a correlation coefficient of 0.926 between root length and lysine content was established. This method, which uses the root length of plants growing on aec to indicate which lines have a potential elevated lysine content, can be applied for the screening of sorghum germplasm. Since this is a non-destructive method it can also be used at the individual seed level, for example for screening progenies of regenerated plants from in vitro culture to exploit the somaclonal variation.     

河北省天然草地禾本科植物的生活型、生态型及区系分析

对河北省天然草地禾本科植物的生活型、生态型及区系特征进行了分析，结果表明，多年生草本为优势生活型，占78．4％；生态型以中生植物为主，占77．2％，旱生植物占16．0％，湿生植物仅占6．8％；植物区系成分多样，温带分布属最多达42属，占总属数的57．5％，其次为热带分布属，有24属，占32．9％。     

不同栽培方式对生菜产量及品质的影响

采用土壤栽培、有机生态型无土栽培、无机耗能型无土栽培三种栽培方式，进行生菜三次采收四层立体栽培试验。结果表明：采用有机生态型无土栽培进行生菜分次采收立体栽培，可有效降低产品中硝酸盐含量，提高根冠比和相对生长速率，变一次性收获为三次采收，可使每盘产量提高30％以上，变平面栽培为4层立体栽培，使温室复种指数提高4倍。     

Phosphorous accumulation and distribution of two ecotypes of Pilea sinofasciata grown in phosphorous-enriched soils

Water eutrophication and poultry manure require an efficacious remediation technology to decrease phosphorous (P) concentration. In this study, the P phytoremediation potential of a mining (ME) and nonmining ecotype (NME) of Pilea sinofasciata were analyzed by pot experiments employing different concentrations of P treatments (CK, P100, P200, P400, P800 and P1600) in tested soil. Growth, P accumulation and P-relevant enzyme activities of P. sinofasciata in ME and NME were assessed after 10 weeks’ plantation. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the shoot biomass of the ME and NME. Higher P concentration and accumulation were observed in the ME than NME for all treatments. Stem P concentration of the ME were 117%, 189%, 152%, 153%, 140% and 139% higher than the NME, and leaf P concentration were 122%, 146%, 138%, 144%, 137% and 113%. Maximum P uptake and phytoextraction was observed at P400 for the ME of P. sinofasciata. Elevated activities of acid phosphatase and phytase in roots were examined in P-enriched soil, and the ME presented higher activities compared with the NME. The results in this paper provide a theoretical basis for the use of ME of P. sinofasciata for phosphorus accumulators and suggest that ME of P. sinofasciata is a promising species for the excess P phytoextraction of P-enriched soils.     

Phenotypes Including Immunocompetence in Scavenging Local Chicken Ecotypes in Tanzania

A study was conducted to determine the variations in physical characters and immunocompetence among scavenging local chicken ecotypes in Tanzania. Eighty-four adult scavenging local chickens from four eco-climatic regions of Tanzania were studied. Measurements of adult body weight, body length, shank length and egg weight and observations of plumage colour and pattern, earlobe colour, skin colour and the shape of the comb were conducted. The antibody response to sheep red blood cells, serum haemolytic complement and the cutaneous response to phytohaemagglutinin-P were assessed. Five ecotypes were identified and named Mbeya, Morogoro-medium, Ching'wekwe, Kuchi and Singamagazi. Singamagazi and Kuchi were significantly heavier, with longer shanks and heavier eggs than the other ecotypes. The average adult body weight for males ranged from 1621 g (Mbeya) to 2915 g (Singamagazi). Average female weights ranged from 1108 g (Morogoro-medium) to 2020 g (Singamagazi). Mean egg weights ranged from 37.65 g (Ching'wekwe) to 45.61 (Singamagazi). The Kuchi had mostly rose and walnut combs, while the other ecotypes were mostly single combed. In each ecotype there were chickens with a high or low antibody response to red blood cells, but there was a significant difference between the ecotypes.     

芦荟有机生态型无土栽培基质的研究

以中华芦荟为试验材料,以炉渣、食用菌渣、泥炭、锯末为无土栽培基质成分,应用消毒有机肥取代传统的营养液,进行有机生态型无土栽培试验.采用类旋转排列试验方法,比较分析8种基质与2种肥力水平相结合对中华芦荟生长的影响.研究结果表明,不同基质对试验材料生长状态的影响差异明显,其中以A2B2组基质配方最佳,即炉渣灰2：平菇渣1：消毒鸡粪10 kg/m^3：复合肥0.5 kg/m%3,可推广应用于生产.     

不同生长条件下复叶槭生态型叶片显微形态特征的变化(英文)

复叶槭 (AcernegundoLinn .)自 10 0年前从北美引种到中国 ,在内蒙古东部的生态交错带上 ,为了适应严酷的生存环境 ,形成了很多特殊的形态特征 .在不同的植被带生长的两个复叶槭生态型 ,其叶片并没有肉眼可见的差异 ,但它们的叶片显微形态特征却完全不同 .来自更加干旱温暖的种源的叶片具有更多的表皮毛、更多而小的气孔、更大的副卫细胞、更厚的栅栏组织 ,且其叶表角质层更加平滑 .来自干热地区种源的叶片显微特征有利于植物降低叶温、保持水分 .植物长期适应不同生存环境会形成具有不同叶部显微形态特征的生态型 ,当叶部显微形态特征用作植物分类的依据时应予以考虑 .     

不同方法提取三种生态型沙地云杉总DNA的比较

沙地云杉为内蒙古特有树种,干旱适应性强,是我国西部重要造林树种。在长期适应干旱生态条件的过程中沙地云杉形成了紫果型、绿果型和红果型3种生态型。前期研究证明:紫果型沙地云杉有更强的抗旱能力,绿果型抗旱能力弱,红果型处于二者之间,是一个比较典型的过渡类型。本文从分子生物学的角度,详细叙述了沙地云杉总DNA的提取过程、方法,并对已知的植物DNA提取方法作了针对性的改良;对实验过程提取DNA的影响作了分析。为今后针对进行沙地云杉的植物基因研究和生物工程打下基础,对扩大沙地云杉造林面积和西部大开发的生态环境建设具有重要的指导意义。     

东海浮游异足类环境适应分析

根据1997~2000年东海23°30′~33°00′N、118°30′~128°00′E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,采用浮游异足类物种丰度和同步的温、盐度数据拟合曲线,构建数学模型,计算物种分布的最适温度和盐度值。同时根据以往对异足类生态特征分析的结论,划分东海浮游异足类各物种的生态类型。结果表明,塔明螺(Atlanta turriculata)和拟翼管螺(Firoloi-da desmaresti)分布在外海,具有高温、高盐的适应特征,是热带大洋种。其他为亚热带外海种,其中玫瑰明螺(Atlantarosea)具广温种特征,明螺(Atlanta peroni)适温偏低,有广盐种的特征,大口明螺(Atlanta lesueuri)分布在盐度较高的水域,扁明螺(Atlanta depressa)具有近海种特征。东海浮游异足类总体上属于典型的暖水性生态类型,温、盐适应范围较窄,对水温和盐度敏感,是较好的指示种。东海浮游异足类主要分布在28°00′~30°00′N,124°00′~126°00′E的海域,绝大多数物种难以逾越冷水水团的阻隔,这是浮游异足类很少在黄渤海出现的主要原因之一。浮游异足类生态类型划分在古气象海洋学、海洋地质、海洋物理和海洋生物学的研究中具有重要的意义。